What Causes IBD?

No one factor causes IBD. Instead, interactions between a multitude of factors appear to lead to IBD.  Genetic predisposition, certain environmentla factors, and imbalances of the gut's microbiome may combine to cause IBD.

IBD is more common in North America and Europe than it is in places like Asia and Africa.  However, since 1950s, IBD has been increasing all over the globe, suggesting that the adoption of more Western lifestyles may be contributing to the rise in IBD cases. 

Genetics

So far researchers have found over 200 genes associated with a risk for IBD. 

Environment

TOO MUCH exposure to these environmental factors may trigger or worsen IBD:

• Pollutants
• Viruses
• Medications & Antibiotics
• Cigarette Smoking
• Higher Levels of Hygene
• Increased Stress

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TOO LITTLE of these environmental factors may trigger or worsen IBD:

• Sleep
• Exercise
• Vitamin D/Sun Exposure

Microbiome

The microbiome includes the millions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi that live in our gut.  Everyone's microbiome is different, depending on what microbes a person was born with, what they ate, medications taken, and the environment.  Ongoing research is helping to show that the microbiome is a key factor in whether or not a person with genetic susceptibility will develop IBD.

References

Crohn's & Colitis Foundation, "Beyond Genetics: How we're unlocking the role of environmental impact on IBD," Under the Microscope, Fall 2017.